Тренировочные упражнения на артикли английского языка. Упражнение на артикли в английском языке

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Во многих иностранных языках есть такое понятие, как артикль. Начать изучение грамматики именно с этой темы станет неплохим вариантом для желающих знать английский. Артикль (правило употребления поможет разобраться в вопросе) - служебная часть речи в английском языке. Она показывает определенность или неопределенность Далее по тексту приведены правила его употребления, когда артикль a (an), the опускается.

Виды артиклей

В английском языке есть два вида артикля:

  • определенный - the;
  • неопределенный - a (an) (две формы).

Определенный артикль показывает, что речь идет о каком-либо известном или знакомом предмете, который более индивидуализирован, чем-то выделяется среди других. А неопределенный свидетельствует о более обобщённом значении или о предмете, который фигурирует в тексте впервые. Примеры:

The girl has a dog./У девочки есть собака.

Из этого предложения можно понять, что речь идет о какой-то конкретной девочке, которая уже знакома читателю и она ранее упоминалась в тексте, а вот слово «собака» более обобщенно, какая именно собака, неизвестно.

Происхождение

Мы уже выяснили, что в английском языке есть такая часть речи, как артикль: a (an), the. Они первоначально произошли от других слов и в какой-то мере сохранили свое старое значение.

К примеру, определенный артикль является сокращённой формой слова that (тот, та), именно поэтому он несет в себе столь конкретное значение.

Происходит от слова one (некто, некий).

Определенный артикль

В английском языке определенный артикль имеет две функции: первая из них - конкретизирующая, а другая - обобщающая. И употребляется эта часть речи, если человек точно знает, о каком предмете идет речь, или же если этот предмет является уникальным.

Определенный артикль в конкретизирующем значении

  • Употребляется, если выделяется один предмет из всей совокупности, он имеет какие-то отличные параметры, выделяется уникальным случаем, контекстом. Перед прилагательными в

He is the best player in our team./Он наилучший игрок в нашей команде.

  • Ставится перед словами following, last, next, only и very. Они делают существительное более конкретизированным.

And not the next day./И не на следующий день.

  • Перед прилагательными в превосходной степени также ставится определенный артикль.

It is the worst day in my life./Это худший день в моей жизни.

Определенный артикль в обобщающем значении

  • В обобщающем - когда существительное можно отнести к целому виду предметов.

Examples include the German Shepherd - the double coat is straight, and short length./Например, немецкая овчарка. Шерсть имеет две характеристики: прямая и короткой длины.

Здесь речь идет о всех собаках, принадлежащих к конкретной породе.

  • Опускается, если заменен притяжательным местоименением.

She sure had some love for her German Shepards./Она определенно любит своих немецких овчарок.

  • Если перед существительным можно поставить слово "этот".

The hotel also features easy access to the several subway stations./Отель (этот отель) также легко доступен от нескольких станций метро.

  • При указании эпохи, значительных событий.

The First World War./Первая мировая война.

  • Перед неисчисляемыми существительными, только если речь идет об определенном объеме вещества.

And then the farmer has to find another way to deliver the juice./Затем фермеру придется найти другой способ производства сока.

  • Перед названиями частей тела.

The hand/рука.

  • Перед социальными классами и слоями общества.

The police./Сотрудники полиции.

Определенный артикль с именами собственными и некоторыми названиями

Поможет лучше разобраться в том, как использовать с именами собственными и некоторыми названиями артикли, таблица, приведенная ниже. Перед всеми нижеприведенными словами необходимо добавлять определенный артикль the.

Имена собственные

Примеры
Реки the Nakdong
Наименования газет the Washington Post
Географические названия the North Pole
Объекты из астрономии the Moon
Названия гор the Andes
Стороны света in the East

Фамилии во множественном числе

(имеются ввиду все члены семьи)

the Adamsons
Каналы the Nicaragua Canal
Районы городов the West End
Национальности the Italian
Уникальные архитектурные сооружения the Winter Palace
Пустыни the Bolivian
Названия водоемов the Black Sea
Названия судов the Aurora
Некоторые страны the Argentine
Клички the Tall Ben

Определенный артикль. Множественное число

  • Если определенный артикль употребляется перед словом в единственном числе, то он ставится перед ним и во множественном.

You can bring the ball with, if you want./Если хочешь, возьми мяч с собой.

You can bring the balls with, if you want./Если хочешь, возьми мячи с собой.

  • Также артикль остается перед множественным числом, если речь идет о какой-то группе в целом.

The members of Golf club can breathe fresh air./Члены гольф-клуба могут дышать свежим воздухом. (Все могут дышать свежим воздухом).

Неопределенный артикль a (an)

Употребляется "a", если первая буква в слове согласная, "an" - если гласная:

  • a table, a carpet, a dog/стол, ковер, собака;
  • an elephant, an eagle, an orange/слон, орел, апельсин.

Исключения из правила:

  • артикль "а" всегда ставится перед словами, которые начинаются с буквы "u", если она произносится как /ju:/ (English is a universal language);
  • перед словами "one", "ones" всегда употребляется артикль "a" (a one-parent family);
  • если аббревиатуры начинаются с согласной буквы, но читается с гласной (F произносится, как /ef/), то перед ними всегда используется неопределённый артикль "an" (an FBI agent).

Классифицирующее, обобщающее и числительное значение неопределенного артикля

  • В предложениях, имеющих экспрессивную окраску, в восклицательных предложениях, которые начинаются со слова what, употребляется неопределенный артикль.

What a great!/Как здорово!

  • С существительными в единственном числе, перед которыми стоят такие слова, как rather, quite, such и most.

In a rather prescient way./Весьма дальновидно.

  • Если существительное является обобщающим значением для всего класса, вида, слоя и т. д., то перед ним ставится неопределенный артикль. Чаще всего такое существительное стоит в начале предложения и не несет никакой важной информации. Более значимые детали описаны далее в тексте.

A newspaper text is a very laconic and relevant essay./Газетный текст - это лаконичный и актуальный очерк.

  • В числительном значении артикль обозначает свое первоначальное значение - один.

I can stay in Paris for only a day./Я мог оставаться в Париже всего лишь день. (Здесь понятно, что частицу -a можно заменить на one, слово, от которого и образовался артикль а (an) (the - от that). В данном предложении частица занимает свое привычное место).

Неопределенный артикль a (an). Множественное число

Артикли, которые используются перед существительными в единственном числе, во множественном не употребляются.

She had a book of astrology./У нее была книга по астрологии.

She had two books./У нее были две книги. (Как можно увидеть, артикль опускается).

Имена собственные и артикль a (an)

Артикль а (an) употребляется перед если они:

  • неизвестные

A Mr. Anderson has come to see you./Некий мистер Андерсон пришел, чтобы увидеть тебя.

  • употребляются как нарицательные

You think, I am a Leonardoda Vinci?/Ты думаешь, я Леонардо да Винчи?

  • показывают на отдельных членов семьи

It is no wonder; in fact, she is a Smith./Неудивительно, ведь она - Смит.

  • описывают положение того или иного места или предмета

We saw a rebuild Rome./Мы видели отстроенный Рим.

Кроме того, есть устойчивые выражения, которые вне зависимости от контекста никогда не изменяются и всегда остаются на своем месте. Такие фразы нужно просто выучить:

a few/несколько, it is a pity/жаль, a little/немного и т. д.

Когда артикль не нужен

В английском языке есть такое понятие, как то есть когда он отсутствует в предложениях перед именами существительными. Выше в статье уже были упомянуты случаи, когда артикль опускается. Рассмотрим еще несколько характерных правил.

  • Если перед существительными стоят прилагательные old/старый, little/маленький, poor/бедный, lazy/ленивый, honest/честный.

She is little girl./Она - маленькая девочка.

  • Если нет никакого определения существительному.

I do not like Peter./Я не люблю Питера.

  • Перед титулами, званиями.

Lord Green./Лорд Грин.

Упражнения на артикли

Чтобы закрепить полученные знания, нужно сделать несколько упражнений. Потом сверить свои ответы с ключами, проанализировать ошибки. Например, можно сделать задание, приведенное ниже.

Вставьте пропущенный артикль a (an), the:

Paris is … beautiful town./Париж - красивый город.

What"s going on? I think it’s … salute./Что происходит? Я думаю это салют.

Britney Spears is … singer./Бритни Спирс - певица.

This is Nick. He is … engineer./Это Ник. Он инженер.

… spider has eight legs./У пауков восемь лапок.

It is … tomato./Это помидор.

I am … nurse./Я медсестра.

She is … best./Она лучше всех.

To take … seat./Садитесь.

In … country./В стране.

Ответы на упражнение. Как правильно вставить артикль a (an), the:

1. a. 2. a. 3. a. 4. an. 5. a. 6. a. 7. a. 8. the. 9. a. 10. the.

Запомните следующие правила.

Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное (my) или указательное (this) местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже (father"s), количественное числительное (five) или отрицание "nо" (не "not" ).

Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is my sister"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? - Yes, they have. Their ... car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is ... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess.

1. This is a book. It is my book. 2. Is this your pencil? - No, it isn"t my pencil, it is my sister"s pencil. 3. I have a sister. My sister is an engineer. My sister"s husband is a doctor. 4. I have no handbag. 5. She has got a headache. 6. Have they got a car? - Yes, they have. Their car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got a calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this a watch? - No, it isn"t a watch, it"s a pen. 9. This pen is good, and that pen is bad. 10. I can see a pencil on your table, but I can see no paper. 11. Give me a chair, please. 12, They have a dog and two cats. 13. I have a spoon in my plate, but I have no soup in it. 14. My friend says he is going to be a millionaire one day. 15. Would you like an orange? 16. Mr. Smith is an artist, Mrs. Smith is a poetess.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn) . Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the .

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Не hasn"t got ... car. But he"s got ... computer. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother"s ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restaurant. 1. He hasn"t got a car. But he"s got a computer. The computer is new. 2. My friends have got a cat and a dog. The dog never bites the cat. 3, This is a tree. The tree is green. 4. I can see three boys. The boys are playing. 5. I have a bicycle. The bicycle is black. My friend has no bicycle. 6. Our room is large. 7. We wrote a dictation yesterday. The dictation was long. 8. She has two daughters and one son. Her son is a pupil. 9. Last year I gave my mother a bracelet for her birthday. She liked the bracelet. 10. My brother"s friendhas no dog. 11. This pencil is broken. Give me that pencil, please. 12. She has a ball. The ball is big. 13. I got a letter from my friend yesterday. The letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at a hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at the hotel and sometimes in a restaurant. 15. I"ve got an idea. 16. What a surprise!
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
The book - исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is × meat. The meat is fresh.
The meat - неисчисляемое
These are × books. The books are good .
The books - множественное число
× - отсутствие артикля

Упражнение 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... spup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you! 12. My ... cousin is upset. He"s got ... sore throat. 13. This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister"s ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

1. This is a pen. The pen is red. 2. These are pencils. The pencils are black. 3. This is soup. The soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea. 5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ice cream? 7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting? 8. Do you need a camera? 9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian. 10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, apples are good for you! 12. My cousin is upset. He"s got a sore throat. 13. This is cottage cheese. The cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea. 15. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper. 16. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It is my sister"s bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at school - в школе

At home - дома

At work - на работе

Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at... home? - No, he is at... work. 12. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home. I have two sisters. My sisters are students. 2. We are at home. 3. My brother is not at home, he is at school. 4. My mother is at work. She is a doctor. 5. I am not a doctor. 6. I have no sister. 7. He is not a pilot. 8. I have thirty-two teeth. 9. He has a child. 10. She has two children. Her children are at school. 11. Is your father at home? - No, he is at work. 12. Where is your brother? - He is at home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin"s ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please.

1. We have a large family. 2. My granny often tells us long interesting stories. 3. My father is an engineer. He works at a factory. The factory is large. 4. My mother is a doctor. She works at a large hospital. She is at work now. 5. My aunt is a teacher. She works at school. The school is good. My aunt is not at school now. She is at home. She is drinking tea and eating jam. The jam is sweet. I am at home, too. I am drinking tea and eating a sandwich. The sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at school. She is a pupil. 7. My cousin has a big black cat. My cousin"s cat has two kittens. The cat likes milk. The kittens like milk, too. 8. I am an engineer. 9. My son is a pupil, 10. He is a good pupil. 11. This is a house. 12. This is my pencil. 13. You have some pencils, but I have no pencil. Give me a pencil, please. 14. What a pity! I can"t come to the party tonight.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире

E.g. The sun is shining brightly. - Солнце светит ярко

б) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E.g. Put the book on the table. - Положи книгу на стол.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What"s ... weather like today? - ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your ... brother? - Не is at... home. Не is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands. 1. What"s the weather like today? - The weather is fine. 2. The sun is yellow. 3. The sky is grey today. 4. The Earth is a planet. 5. We had an English lesson yesterday. The teacher asked me many questions. The questions were difficult. 6. Where is your brother? - He is at home. He is in his room. He is sitting at the table. He is doing his homework. The homework is difficult. 7. Our cat is sitting on the sofa. 8. It is very dark in the room. Turn on the light, please. 9. Nick went into the bathroom, turned on the water and washed his hands.

Упражнение 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother"s ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? - No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large. 1. This is a good book. Take the book from the table. Put this book into the bookcase. 2. The weather is fine today. The sky is blue. The sun is shining brightly in the blue sky. 3. This is a boy. The boy is at school. He is a pupil. This boy is my brother"s friend. He has a cat, but he has no dog. He likes his cat. He gives the cat milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received a letter from my friend. The letter was interesting. 5. We live in a big house. I like the house very much. 6. Are you a worker? - No, I am a student. 7. I like your beautiful flower. Give me the flower, please. 8. My mother is at home. She is reading an interesting book. 9. My father is not at home. He is at work. He is a doctor. He is a good doctor. He works at a hospital. The hospital is large.
Кроме того существует огромное количество так называемых "застывших словосочетаний," в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции.

There is a ____.

Where is the ____ ?


Запомните также следующие предложения:

The (book) is on the (table).

Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)

Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога "on " может быть любой другой предлог иди заменяющее его словосочетание, напр., "in front of ".

Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. - Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town. 4. There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn"t cheap. 5. Where is ... cat? - ... cat is on ... sofa. 6. Where is ... book? - ... book is on ... shelf. 7. Where are ... flowers? - ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 8. Where is ... vase? - ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 9. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 10. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 11. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book. 1. There is a big tree in the garden. 2. There is a bank near here. - Where is the bank? 3. There is a new supermarket in the centre of our town. 4. There is a hotel over there. The hotel isn"t cheap. 5. Where is the cat? - The cat is on the sofa. 6. Where is the book? - The book is on the shelf. 7. Where are the flowers? - The flowers are in a beautiful vase. 8. Where is the vase? - The vase is on a little table near the window. 9. Open the window, please. The weather is fine today. I can see the sun in the sky. I can see a nice little bird. The bird is sitting in a big tree. The tree is green. 10. There is a little white cloud in the sky. 11. We have a large room. There is a big sofa in the room and a little lamp on the wall over the sofa. I like to sit on the sofa and read a good book.
Запомните следующее застывшее словосочетание:

in front of - перед

Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ... books there. 2. Where is ... soup? - ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? - ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ... bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6. Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother"s ... room. 8. Is your brother at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. He works at... big factory. He is ... engineer. 9. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 10. ... weather is fine today. Let"s go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.

1. There is a wonderful small computer in front of the books there. 2. Where is the soup? - The soup is in a big saucepan on the gas cooker. 3. Whete are the cutlets? - The cutlets are in the refrigerator on a little plate. 4. There is no bread on the table. Where is the bread? 5. There is a little brown coffee table in our room in front of the sofa. 6. Where is the table in your room? 7. There is a thick carpet on the floor in my mother"s room. 8. Is your brother at home? - No, he is at work. He works at a big factory. He is an engineer. 9. My sister has many books. The books are in a big bookcase. 10. The weather is fine today. Let"s go and play in the yard. There are many children in the yard. They are playing with a ball.
Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:
I have a ____ . У меня есть ____ . This is a ____ . Это ____ . I am а ____ . Я ____ . Не has а ____ . У него есть ____ . That is а ____ . То ____ . Не is а ____ . Он ____ . I see а ____ . Я вижу ____ . It is а ____ . Это ____ . She is а ____ . Она ____ . There is а ____ . Где-то находится (есть) что-то.
Вместо ____ нужно поставить существительное в единственном числе.

Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he didn"t go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very good computer. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very big piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It"s ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I learn at ... school. 11. My sister is at... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult question. I don"t know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ... exciting city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.

1. I see a bottle of pineapple juice on the kitchen table. 2. Her son has a great sense of humor. 3. There was a discotheque at the club last Saturday but he didn"t go. 4. Is there a bus stop near the building? 5. We have a big dog. The dog is very clever. 6. My friend has a very good computer. 7. This boy is big. He is a student. 8. There is a very big piano in the hall. 9. This is a tree and that is not a tree. It"s a bush. 10. I am a boy. I am a pupil. I learn at school. 11. My sister is at work. She is a secretary. She works at a large office. 12. This is a very difficult question. I don"t know the answer to it. 13. Do you see a little girl with a big ball in her hands? She is a pupil of our school. 14. There was a beautiful flower in this vase yesterday. Where is the flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is an exciting city to visit, but a very expensive place to live.
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

in the middle - посередине

in the corner - в углу

to the right - направо

to the left - налево

Упражнение 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don"t keep them in ... refrigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ... bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your ... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there ... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ... lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother"s ... room? - His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ... living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... table in ... corner of ... room. 14. There is... beautiful picture in my father"s ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window. 1. There is a jar of orange marmelade in the middle of the shelf. 2. There is a big box of cereal to the right of you. 3. There is a bunch of bananas on the table. Don"t keep them in the refrigerator. 4. There is a loaf of white bread on the upper shelf of the refrigerator. If you want your bread to be fresh, keep it only in the refrigerator. 5. Is there a bag of flour in the cupboard? 6. There was a bottle of lemonade in the corner of the kitchen. 7. There is a thick red carpet in my room. The carpet is on the floor in front of the sofa. 8. Where is the table in your brother"s room? - His table is near the window. 9. I can see a fine vase on the shelf. Is it your vase? 10. We have no piano in our living room. 11. My uncle is married. He has a beautiful wife. They have a son, but they have no daughter. 12. I can see a nice coffee table in the middle of the room to the right of the door. It is black and red. I like the coffee table. 13. Our TV set is on a little table in the corner of the room. 14. There is a beautiful picture in my father"s study. The picture is on the wall to the left of the window. 15. What a picture!

Упражнение 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My aunt"s flat is in ... new house. There is ... living room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cosy.

My aunt"s flat is in a new house. There is a living room, a bedroom, a study, a bathroom and a kitchen in the flat. The bedroom is a large room with two windows. The room is light as the windows are large. There are white curtains on the windows. There are two beds with large pillows on them. There are small tables near the beds. There are lamps on them. To the left of the door there is a dressing table with a mirror on it. There is a low chair at the dressing table. There are several pictures on the pale green walls. There is a thick carpet on the floor. The carpet is dark green. The room is very cosy.
Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово " some."

Упражнение 13. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? - There is ... butter in ... butter dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ... juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? - Oh, all ... boys are playing football at ... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm in her ... voice. 1. There is a park behind the hospital. There are some beautiful trees in the park. 2. There is a good film on TV this evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is a library between the school and the bank. There are some English and German books in this library. 4. There is a sofa in the corner of the room. 5. There are some cushions on the sofa. 6. There are some books on the shelf. Give me a book, please. 7. Look into the refrigerator. What can you see on the shelves? - There is some butter in the butter dish. There is some sausage, but there is no cheese. There are some eggs and some apples. There is an orange, a lemon, and some jam in a little vase. 8. There is some juice in this cup. May I drink the juice? 9. There are some girls in the yard, but I can see no boys. Where are the boys? - Oh, all the boys are playing football at the stadium. 10. There is a peculiar charm in her voice. 11. There is (some) money in the purse.

Articles

1) Put in a/an or the where necessary

1. I wrote to her but ... letter never arrived.

2. Britain is ... island.

3. What is ... name of this village?

5. Montreal is ... large city in ... Canada.

6. What is ... largest city in ... Canada?

7. "What time is it?" "I don"t know. I haven"t got ... watch."

8. When I went to ... Rome, I stayed with ... Italian friend of mine.

9. You look very tired. You need ... holiday.

10. Don"t sit on ... floor. It"s very dirty.

11. "Let"s go to ... restaurant this evening." "That"s ... good idea. Which restaurant shall we go?"

12. Can you turn on ... radio, please? I want to listen to some ... music.

13. Tom is in ... bathroom. He"s having ... bath.

14. This is ... nice room, but I don"t like ... colour of ... carpet.

15. We live in ... old house near ... station. It"s ... two miles from ... center.

2) Поставьте a / an или the , где необходимо:

1. I turned off light, opened door and went out.

2. Excuse me, can I ask question, please?

3. Alan is best player in our football team.

4. How far is from here to airport?

5. Enjoy your holiday and don"t forget to send me postcard!

6. Have you got ticket for concert tomorrow night?

7. What is name of director of film we saw last night?

8. Yesterday I bought jacket and shirt. Jacket was cheap but shirt was expensive.

9. Peter and Mary have two children, boy and girl. Boy is seven years old and girl is three.

1. Rome is________________ of Italy.

2. When we were in London, we stayed at ___________.

3. Can you ride ___________?

4. What"s that man doing on _________ of that house? Is he repairing something?

5. We went to the theatre last night but _________ wasn"t very good.

6. Do you think English is _________________ for people to learn?

7. "Would you like ________?" "No, thanks. I don"t smoke".

8. "Where is jack?" "He"s in ________. He"s cooking something."

9. Excuse me, what time is___________ to London?

10. It"s ______________ today. Let"s go out.

Ответы :

1. I wrote to her but the letter never arrived.

2. Britain is an island.

3. What is the name of this village?

5. Montreal is a large city in Canada.

6. What is the largest city in Canada?

7. "What time is it?" "I don"t know. I haven"t got a watch."

8. When I went to Rome, I stayed with an Italian friend of mine.

9. You look very tired. You need a holiday.

10. Don"t sit on the floor. It"s very dirty.

11. "Let"s go to a restaurant this evening." "That"s a good idea. Which restaurant shall we go?"

12. Can you turn on the radio, please? I want to listen to some music.

13. Tom is in the bathroom. He"s having a bath.

14. This is a nice room, but I don"t like the colour of the carpet.

15. We live in an old house near the station. It"s two miles from the center.

2) Поставьте a / an или the , где необходимо:

1. I turned off the light, opened the door and went out.

2. Excuse me, can I ask a question, please?

3. Alan is the best player in our football team.

4. How far is from here to the airport?

5. Enjoy your holiday and don"t forget to send me a postcard!

6. Have you got a ticket for the concert tomorrow night?

7. What is the name of the director of the film we saw last night?

8. Yesterday I bought a jacket and a shirt. The jacket was cheap but the shirt was expensive.

9. Peter and Mary have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy is seven years old and the girl is three.

Надо закончить предложения, используя артикли плюс данные слова или пары слов:

Bicycle, capital, cigarette, play, difficult language, kitchen, nice day, next train, roof, small hotel.

1. Rome is________________ of Italy.

2. When we were in London, we stayed at ___________.

3. Can you ride ___________?

4. What"s that man doing on _________ of that house? Is he repairing something?

5. We went to the theatre last night but _________ wasn"t very good.

6. Do you think English is _________________ for people to learn?

7. "Would you like ________?" "No, thanks. I don"t smoke".

8. "Where is jack?" "He"s in ________. He"s cooking something."

9. Excuse me, what time is___________ to London?

10. It"s ______________ today. Let"s go out.

Здравствуйте, мои дорогие.

Надеюсь, все вы знаете мое основное правило «выучил теорию - сделай упражнения»? Если нет, то запоминайте его поскорее и начинайте «вживать» в практику. Оно вам очень поможет. А если да - то добро пожаловать на новый урок под названием «упражнения на артикли в английском языке».

Сегодня, мои дорогие, мы сделаем общие упражнения, чтобы закрепить выученную теорию, но чтобы ваши знания были более полные, вы можете сделать упражнения на отдельные темы, что я для вас подготовила:

Сегодня же мы будем практиковать общее правило на употребление артикля, как для начинающих, так и для тех, кто уже хоть что-то знает. С ответами вы можете ознакомиться в конце урока.

Упражнение 1.

Это упражнение отлично подойдет для детей во 2 классе, когда их знания еще очень ограничены.

I had dinner in _ café. _ Café was very beautiful.

There were _ lot of people on _ street.

I have _ lot of animals at home: _ cat, _ dog, _ parrot, _ golden fish.

There isn’t _ airport near our home.

I am going to visit grandmother in _ week.

My friend lives in _ beautiful house. It has _ big garden.

I don’t want _ ice-cream. I would prefer _ sandwich.

Упражнение 2.

Это задание уже подойдет деткам постарше - для 4-го или для 5 класса и, в зависимости от школьной программы.

Would you like _ grapefruit?

Man and _ woman were sitting in a restaurant. _ man seemed to be Italian, and _ woman seemed to be American.

Do you have _ car?

I was busy yesterday. I was cleaning _ car.

Our plane delayed. So we went to _ hotel to spend one more night there.

We had _ good evening. We were playing _ football, and my father was playing _ guitar.

Упражнение 3.

Когда ученик приходит в 6 класс, у него уже есть хорошая лексическая база, да и грамматика уже должна быть на каком-либо уровне. Это мы сейчас и проверим.

When was the last time you went to _ dentist?

Excuse me, where is _ nearest bus station?

We rent _ apartment in _ city center.

House was beautiful and _ park near it was enormous.

How much sleep do you need? - About 10 hours _ night.

Can you turn off _ light, please?

I don’t know who is _ owner of _ big car outside our house.

Упражнение 4.

Ну что, давайте проверим, кто из вас сможет справиться с заданиями для 11 класса .

Where did you go for _ holidays? - We went to __ Canada. These were _ best holidays I’ve ever had.

Tom works as __ cleaner in _ school.

My uncle went to _ hospital to visit my sister. She is in _ hospital after _ car accident.

Apples are good for you.

I like _ skating but I still don’t do it well.

Most people believe that _ marriage is _ essential part of every person’s life.

Do you know _ people living _ next door?

In my opinion government doesn’t do enough to help _ poor. They should create something to help _ homeless and _ unemployed.

Упражнение 5.

Amsterdam is _ main city of _ Netherlands.

We spent the summer travelling across _ North America. We stated in _ Canada and set off to _ north.

She went to _ station to buy _ tickets for our trip.

Which river flows in _ USA? - _ Mississippi.

Asia is larger than _ Africa, isn’t it?

He gave up his job to go to _ Nepal and climb __ Everest.

We went to _ Black Sea last summer. It was _ most exciting trip I’ve ever had.

Caribbean Islands attract lots of tourists every year.

What is _ highest mountain in the world?

In _ morning we need to see _ doctor. I am afraid you have _ flu.

Ну как, мои хорошие, протестировали себя? Уверена, что вы довольны своими результатами, ведь вы у меня очень старательные. Но помните: если не будете поддерживать свой уровень языка, не будете выполнять упражнения в книгах или онлайн, все быстро забудется.

Поэтому двери моего блога всегда открыты для вашей практики. Здесь вы найдете достаточно материалов, чтобы не забросить свой английский. А я буду помогать вам еще больше и регулярно выкладывать новые материалы. Подписывайтесь на мою рассылку, чтобы всегда получить все первыми.

Ответы.

Упражнение 1.

Упражнение 2.

А, а, the , the.

Упражнение 3.

Упражнение 4.

Упражнение 5.

Привет! Мы уже много знаем об английской грамматике , о ее правилах и исключениях. Пришло время перейти на новый, более сложный уровень и начать изучать употребление артиклей в английском языке. Русскоязычным вообще тяжело дается эта тема, так как мы не понимаем, для чего необходимо использовать артикли в английском языке, когда казалось, и так все понятно. Надеюсь, прочитав данную статью, вы убедитесь, в чем их задача. Классификация артиклей

В русском языке вообще не существует такой части речи, как артикль. Потому что в родном языке мы можем менять конструкции местами для придания оттенков или ударения на определенной фразе, но смысл предложения останется тем же. В английском же, как мы знаем, строго фиксирован порядок единиц, и артикли ставятся перед некоторыми словами в строго определенных случаях. Какие это случаи мы сегодня узнаем.

Для начала, вам необходимо уяснить следующее:

A/an — от one (один)
The — от this / that (этот, это, эта и др.)

Запомнив это, вам станет понятно, почему «a/an «используется лишь в единственном числе.

В английском языке понятие артикля связывают с категорией определенности. Основное правило употребления в упрощенной форме можно свести к следующему: если идет речь о предмете, который известен говорящему, то перед словом, указывающим на этот предмет ставят «the» — определенный артикль, а неопределенные «a/ an» — если говорится о предмете неизвестном до момента речи.

  • We have bought the dog that we saw yesterday. — Мы купили собаку, которую вы вчера видели (Говорится о конкретной, определенной собаке — той, которую видели вчера).
  • We have bought a dog. — Мы купили собаку (Вы заявляете новость, то есть в первый раз сообщаете о собаке).

О том ставить или не ставить «a/ an» или «the», и запомнить правила, вам помогут эти 4 вопроса и простая схема, которая наглядно объясняет каждое правило:

  • В каком числе слово?
  • Это слово относится к категории исчисляемых?
  • О нем шла речь ранее? (определенный/неопределенный)
  • Речь идет о чем-либо обобщенном?

Как видите, согласно правилу в английском «a/an » используется только с «неизвестным» показателем, если оно исчисляемое и в единственном числе. А «the» — с «известным» исчисляемым словом в любом числе. Но вы также заметили, что если речь идет о конкретном, обобщенном предмете, то они вообще не используются, это так называемый «нулевой артикль». Разберем эти случаи более конкретно.

Правило использования нулевого артикля

Есть такие случаи, когда вместо артиклей применяется местоимение «some» или вообще не ставится ничего. Если к слову в русском языке можно поставить одно из слов по смыслу — какие-то, несколько, какие-нибудь, некое количество, то в английском языке к соответствующему существительному добавляются местоимения «some/any ».

А когда в нашем языке невозможно добавить ни одно слово к соответствующему сущест., то в английском предложении тоже ничего не ставится: I bought some oranges yesterday — Вчера я купил апельсины (некоторое количество, несколько).

Делитесь статьей с друзьями.

Полезное видео когда не нужны артикли



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